Introduction: Smoking is considered a gateway to drug use and other risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of images (neutralized and warning) on tobacco product packaging on Brain wave patterns of smokers. Methods: A semi-experimental study was designed. The statistical population included all male students of Tabriz University in 2017-18. The alpha-peak, theta, alpha, SMR, and beta frequency bands of these individuals were quantitatively recorded. Data were then analyzed by repeatedmeasures analysis using SPSS version 21 software. Results: The results showed that the main effect of recording position (P <0. 001), the main effect of the frequency band (P <0. 001), and the interactive effect of recording position and frequency band (P <0. 001) were significant. Warning images were more effective than neutral images. The mean beta was 10. 21 for warning images, 8. 03 for neutral images, and 7. 25 for resting. Conclusion: Designers should revise the structure of alert messages on cigarette packs such as the plot, size, and type of images, reform items such as repeating the message image and neutralizing the image, and pay low attention to the attractiveness of the brand.

In this paper by electromagnetic modeling of neurons in Brain, the Brain Waves have been derived in a full-wave way. Now, in all clinics and research centers, traditionally, it has been done by using the quasi-static approximation of the Maxwell equation in electromagnetic. However, the error rate resulting from the approximation has not been studied upon the final results. This issue becomes more noticeable due to increasing the sensitivity of today's modern sensors. In this paper, first, with an overview of the basics of applying quasi-static approximation in the analysis Brain Waves, ambiguities about the suitability of this approximation are presented and the necessity of full-wave solution of the problem is expressed. Then, in the simplest form, the electromagnetic fields aroused from a current dipole where is located in the center of a sphere with known conductivity is written in terms of Bessel and Hankel function expansion; and the problem has been solved in a full-wave way by using of scattering theories in electromagnetic. Finally, the curve of relative difference measure (RDM) between quasi-static and full-wave solution has been drawn in terms of frequency conductivity. One of the important achievements of full-wave modeling is enriching the information resulted from EEG and MEG and consequently extracting more accurate patterns from Brain activities.

Background and Objective: Postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is very common. Various investigations prove the biological basis of PTSD. However, the hemispheric asymmetry has not been studied in these patients. The aim of this study was to find out the probability of hemispheric asymmetry in PTSD patient through EEG.Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive–comparative study in which 15 veterans with PTSD from among neurological clinic clients were selected and studied. The artifact free EEG epoch was analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and Power values of particular frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha and beta) were observed on the Frontal, Central and Occipital Regions. The results were analyzed for Descriptive Statistics and Paired Sample T-Test was performed.Results: The results of investigation indicated, that PTSD patients have hemispheric asymmetry in delta activity of Frontal, Central and Occipital regions as well as Alpha and Beta asymmetry in occipital region(P<0/001).Conclusion: It appears that the Alpha and Beta activity in Occipital region and Delta activity in Frontal, Central and Occipital regions are related to PTSD.

Introduction: the creativity of the most important goals to achieve optimal performance athletes. This study was conducted to answer the question whether neurofeedback student athlete has an effect on creativity. Method: This study was quasi-experimental and control groups in the placebo group was used. Sampling was available. The sample consisted of 30 student-athletes in Tabriz. 15 for the experimental group and 15 to the placebo group were selected randomly. In this study area Cz, O1, F3, F4, Fz were recorded and protocols SMR increase, increase and decrease Theta Beta were used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Result: Data analysis showed that the mean scores of pre-test and post-test experimental and placebo groups was statistically significant, so that neurofeedback training improves people's creativity. So that the total score between the two groups in promoting creativity [P 0/05, F 14/58], fluid [P 0/05, F 7/29], flexibility [P 0/05, F 4/83] were significantly different. And between the two groups in the promotion of innovation [P 0/05, F 2/79] and develop [P 0/05, F 1/94] not significantly different. Conclusion: Due to the positive impact of this approach on the creativity of students, athletes, this study showed that neurofeedback can be used as an effective method used to achieve optimum performance.

Introduction: Stress and fear caused by computer games have been shown to have various effects on the cognitive system. This work was aimed to investigate the effects of short-time horror computer games on cognitive indicators. Methods: A total of twenty female subjects were recruited and divided into experimental and control groups. All required tests were performed before and after the intervention (playing or watching horror game) on the control and experimental groups. The saliva samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase. Also, blood was taken before and during the game from each subject to evaluate plasma levels of oxytocin and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The Brain waveforms were acquired by Emotive Brain signal recording device before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using R and MATLAB software. Results: The cortisol and alpha-amylase levels were shown to significantly increase after the horror game playing. Also, the levels of oxytocin were significantly higher after the experimentation. The levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor were displayed to reduce after the experimentation. The results of the Brainwave analysis revealed that the average stress index was significantly higher, while the average attention index was lower after playing the game. No significant difference in the study variables was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Horror computer games may have adverse effects on the activity of the stress system in the central nervous system. Fear-induced stress was shown to relatively undermine some cognitive elements.

Introduction: This study was designed to examine the effect of emotional advertising on Brain wave activity in different Brain regions. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 20 male students from Kharazmi University, aged 18 to 35, who were randomly selected. The stimuli used in this study consisted of 50 banner advertisements with emotional appeal, which were presented to participants randomly for 6000 milliseconds with a 2500-millisecond fixation (+) between each image. Electrophysiological data were recorded using an EEG device, and Brain Waves, including alpha, beta, theta, and gamma, were analyzed in different Brain regions. Results:The findings of the study showed that emotional advertising had a significant effect on Brain wave activity in different Brain regions. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in Brain wave activity patterns between Brain regions. Specifically, the occipital region exhibited the least amount of activity compared to other regions. The highest activity of alpha, beta, and gamma Waves was observed in the central region, while the highest activity of theta Waves was seen in the frontal region. This Brain activity pattern indicates the specialization of different Brain areas in processing emotional and cognitive information. Conclusion: The findings suggest that emotional advertising can induce significant changes in neural activity associated with emotional information processing. In particular, activation of the frontal and central regions of the Brain can serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of emotional advertising in attracting attention and eliciting positive emotional responses in the audience.

Background and Objective: This study aims to investigate and compare the Brain Waves of couples having an anxious personality with ordinary people. Couples with this disorder often experience a stressful life together. This disorder reduces marital adjustment in their lives. Therefore, this study investigates and compares the Brain Waves of couples with an anxious personality with ordinary people. Subject and Methods: A sample containing 40 couples selected equally from both sexes by convenient sampling method. In the comparison group, 40 couples without anxious personality were selected equally. These two groups were matched based on the variables of age, gender, and education level. Then, Collins and Read’ s Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and The Locke-Wallace’ s Marital Adjustment Test (MAT) questionnaires were used to identify personality disorder and attachment style of couples and to determine the degree of marital adjustment, respectively. Moreover, Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) was used to record the electrical activity of the Brain. Then, data obtained from SPS22 software were analyzed using the statistical multivariate analysis of variance analysis with respect to its assumptions. Results: The findings showed that the beta Brain Waves of men with anxious personality and without it are different in the PZ and F4 regions, (P<0. 05). They also showed that there is a significant and meaningful difference between the alpha Brain Waves of the women with anxious personality and the ordinary ones in the F3, FZ, CZ, and PZ regions (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It can be generally concluded that the Brain Waves of men and women with an anxious personality are different.

Prevalent use of mobile phones has led to increasing worries about the effect of radiofrequency Waves on the physiology of human body. This study was aimed to determine the mobile phones radiofrequency Waves’ impact on different Brain tissue depth and Brain tissue temperature. In this empirical research, a cow’ s Brain tissue was placed in a compartment and the effects of radiofrequency Waves of the mobile phone were analyzed during and after radiation, in three different Brain tissue depths of 2, 12, and 22 mm, in 4 mm and 4 cm distances of the tissue to a mobile phone, for 15 min. Lutron thermometer was used to measure the tissue temperatures. Data were analyzed using Lutron software. The rate of temperature increasing in 22 mm depth was higher than 2 and 12mm depths. The results also showed that during radiation of the Brain tissue in 4 mm distance by the mobile phone, the tissue temperatures in 2, 12, and 22 mm depths were increased 0. 29 ˚ C, 0. 31 ˚ C, and 0. 37 ˚ C, respectively, relative to the base temperature (tissue temperature before radiation). Moreover, the Brain tissue temperature in 4 cm distance was more sensitive than other depths. There was also a direct relationship between Brain tissue depth and tissue temperature increase after mobile phone radiofrequency Waves’ radiation. The temperature in 22 mm depth increased with higher speed. Not only radiofrequency Waves of mobile phones increased the tissue temperature in all depths of the Brain tissue, but also the higher temperature was observed in the 22 mm tissue depth. In fact, the radiofrequency wave’ s thermal affect was higher in higher depths.

Background and Objective: After going through the alpha wave before waking, a person usually enters the conscious phase physiologically by opening the eyes and communicating with the environment. We conducted the present study to investigate the Brain rhythm wave pattern before waking up among the children admitted to the sleep clinic at Ghods Children's Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 42 children without physical or acute respiratory diseases for Brain rhythm wave patterns, 15 seconds before waking up. Data were analyzed manually from the poly-somnography (PSG) recorded during sleep. Then, we divided the children into two groups based on the results of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), i.e., mild to moderate and severe AHI. The frequency of Brain Waves before waking up on epochs 30s, 10s, and 1s were checked between the two groups statistically. Results: Alpha Waves appeared before waking up as the principal Brain Waves. The frequency of alpha Waves went through a decreasing rate until they reached 10 Hz, and then the child woke up. We observed three repetitions of 10 Hz frequencies before waking up for both groups of low-moderate and high AHI. Conclusion: Awakening happens with a specific trigger of alpha Waves in the occipital lobe in the N2 phase at a 10 Hz frequency.